Gillnets are the predominant fishing gear used in the artisanal fisheries of the Colombian Caribbean. Due to their critical role in local livelihoods and the ecosystem, understanding the technical characteristics of these gillnets is essential for promoting both the sustainability and competitiveness of this fishery. To facilitate this, two datasets corresponding to an annual cycle (year 2022) are presented. These datasets enable the evaluation of spatiotemporal variations in fishing landings and the comparison of the constructive and operational parameters of typical fixed gillnet configurations used in 45 artisanal fishing communities, grouped into eleven geographic strata. The first dataset provides detailed information on the species caught, while the second contains data on fishing effort and specific technological aspects of the gillnets. A total of 17 variables were recorded through in situ observations conducted via random selection, within the framework of the Colombian Fisheries Statistical Service (SEPEC), a missionary program of the National Aquaculture and Fisheries Authority (AUNAP, by its acronym in Spanish). These datasets offer valuable information for researchers, fisheries managers, and other stakeholders interested in evaluating and proposing measures for sustainable fisheries management. Moreover, the technical data on gillnet configurations provides a basis for proposing modifications to improve the productivity and sustainability of these artisanal fisheries.