This dataset contains the data acquired on the 21 m-long core CAS16-31PC (17°45.642’N, 61°03.098’W, 5203 mbsl) sampled with the Calypso piston coring system in the Barbuda Basin offshore the Barbuda island (Lesser Antilles) during the research cruise CASEIS (DOI 10.17600/16001800) on board of the R/V Pourquoi Pas?,  between May 28th to July 05th 2016. The core was divided in 14 sections of about 150 cm . This dataset consists of the raw data measured: 1) on board with the GEOTECK Multi Sensor Core Logger of the Quebec University at Rimouski (on the whole core: P-wave velocity, gamma density, and volumetric magnetic susceptibility; and on the split core:  high resolution photographs, surface magnetic susceptibility and spectrophotocolorimetry); and 2) the X-ray images with the GEOTEK X-ray CT and the semi-quantitative chemical elementary profiles with an AVAATECH XRF core scanner at IFREMER. The first meters of the core had been disturbed during the coring process. 9 turbidites has been identified, including 3 thick deposits interpreted as homogenite/turbidite (up to 8 m-thick), intercalated with hemipelagic sediment layers.